The political party “Alternative for Germany” (AfD) has become one of the most controversial players in German politics over the past decade. Founded in 2013 as an economically conservative and Eurosceptic force, the party gradually shifted its focus to a hardline anti-immigration stance, nationalism, and criticism of the European Union.
These changes have helped AfD gain support among voters dissatisfied with the migration crisis and the policies of traditional parties. However, at the same time, the party has come under close scrutiny from law enforcement due to possible ties to far-right movements. Today, AfD’s policies not only spark internal controversy in Germany but also challenge European values, making it one of the most anti-European parties in contemporary politics.
Origins and Transformation of the Party
AfD was founded in 2013 by a group of economists, journalists, and politicians opposing the eurozone bailout policy. The party initially positioned itself as a rational, conservative force advocating for Germany’s national sovereignty and economic pragmatism.
However, over time, it began shifting further to the right. The party gained significant popularity during the 2015 migration crisis, when Chancellor Angela Merkel decided to admit over a million refugees. It was then that AfD sharpened its anti-immigration rhetoric, which led to substantial electoral success in the 2017 Bundestag elections.
Euroscepticism and Open Confrontation with the EU
One of AfD’s key positions is strong criticism of the European Union. The party openly supports “Dexit”—Germany’s exit from the EU, similar to Brexit. AfD representatives have repeatedly claimed that the EU limits Germany’s sovereignty, imposes unnecessary regulations, and weakens the country economically.
However, such claims ignore the fact that Germany is the largest beneficiary of the European economic space. Leaving the EU would cause severe damage to German businesses, which rely on duty-free trade and the free movement of capital. Additionally, severing ties with European partners could undermine Germany’s political influence globally.
Anti-Immigration Rhetoric and Accusations of Xenophobia
AfD presents itself as a party advocating for strict immigration control. It calls for border closures, a strict deportation policy, and a rejection of multiculturalism. The party’s official documents emphasize the need to preserve “German cultural identity”, which, according to critics, is a veiled form of nationalist policy.
Several AfD members have made highly controversial statements. For example, party leader Alexander Gauland once remarked that “Germany’s Nazi past is merely a drop in the ocean of its history,” sparking widespread public and political backlash.
In some federal states, AfD has been classified as an extremist organization and is now under surveillance by domestic intelligence services.
Pro-Russian Policies and Scandals
Another contentious aspect of AfD’s stance is its pro-Russian position. The party’s representatives have repeatedly called for lifting sanctions against Russia and normalizing relations with the Kremlin.
AfD is also known for its skeptical stance on supporting Ukraine. The party opposes military aid to Kyiv, aligning itself with Moscow’s interests. Some AfD lawmakers have even visited occupied Crimea, provoking sharp reactions from the German government.
Recently, it was revealed that Russian disinformation campaigns actively promote AfD on social media, attempting to weaken mainstream German parties ahead of elections.
Political Prospects and Threats to Europe
Despite multiple scandals, AfD continues to gain support among certain segments of voters. This reflects a rise in radical sentiments in German society and dissatisfaction with traditional political parties.
However, it is crucial to understand that AfD’s political agenda not only threatens Germany’s stability but also weakens the European Union.
A German exit from the EU, as advocated by AfD, could trigger an economic crisis and political destabilization across the continent. Germany’s political isolation would make it more vulnerable to external threats, while breaking transatlantic partnerships would undermine European security.
Conclusion
AfD’s policies are blatantly anti-European. Instead of fostering Germany’s constructive role within the European community, the party seeks to dismantle the EU, promote isolationism, and align with authoritarian regimes.
At the same time, AfD employs populist rhetoric to manipulate voters, offering unrealistic solutions to complex problems. If this political course persists, AfD could become a serious destabilizing force, not only for Germany but for all of Europe.
